The carotid arteries are the large arteries on each side of the neck that supply blood to the head and brain. Carotid artery disease involves a buildup of fatty deposits or “plaque” that can narrow and block blood flow through the arteries, possibly leading to a stroke. Nearly 700,000 people in the United States experience a stroke each year; 200,000 of them are repeat strokes.

Signs & symptoms

Carotid artery disease may never show signs until a stroke has occurred. Call 911 immediately if you experience any signs or symptoms of a stroke, which may include:

• Partial loss of vision in one eye
• Weakness, tingling or numbness in one arm and/or leg
• Temporary loss of control of movement in one arm and/or leg
• Inability to pronounce words or speak clearly
• Unsteadiness, vertigo, double vision or sudden falls
• Difficulty swallowing
• Temporary memory loss
• Vertigo
• Loss of balance
• Personality or mood changes
• Drowsiness or loss of consciousness
• Uncontrollable eye movements or eye drooping

Risk factors

• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Smoking
• Diabetes
• Obesity
• Sleep apnea
• Family history
• Age

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of carotid artery disease typically includes a medical evaluation and review of family history and risk factors. Testing may include:

• Ultrasound
• CT or MRI
• CT angiography or MR angiography

Treatment

Minimally-invasive treatment options include:

• Clot-busting medications delivered through catheters to the affected area
• The insertion of a small wire tube (stent) to help clear and widen the affected arteries
• Surgical removal of the plaque blocking the arteries